Watts units8/4/2023 Other units related to power are horsepower and horsepower. James Watt (1736-1819), the steam engine's inventor, accepted it as the unit of the international SI system of units. In electricity, a watt is used to measure the power produced by a difference in electric potential in volts (V) and the intensity of electric current (A) that passes through a conductor, that is: It can also be expressed as the amount of work done in one second. It means that if the point on which a force of one newton is applied is moving at a speed of 1 m / s, the power is equal to 1 watt: In mechanics, the watt is the power developed by a force of one newton applied to the point that moves one meter during one second. However, power units can also refer to any power: mechanical, acoustic, or magnetic. The watt is usually associated with the unit of electrical power, that is, linked to electrical energy. It is the unit used to quantify the amount of energy transferred in one second: one watt is equal to one joule (J) per second (s). Power is the rate at which energy is expended. The loading pattern of this exercise is described in the specifications.ĭetails, including specifications and results templates can be found in the working area.The watt unit is the power unit according to the international system of units the watt symbol is the letter W. The exercise aims to predict the depletion of the WBN1C2 fuel, fission product build-up and decay and material activation within core structures. The length of the refueling process between Cycle 1 and Cycle 2 is assumed to be 30 days and isotopic components, including those for boron, are provided.Įxercise 5: Validation of multi-physics cycle1 depletion model for Cycle 2 The loading pattern of this exercise is described in the specifications. This exercise focuses on the analysis of the WBN1 refueling and the fuel reactivity at HZP conditions in Cycle 2. The averaged operating power history is provided in the benchmark specifications.Įxercise 4: Validation of fuel shuffle and decay for Cycle 2 BOC ZPPT The exercise aims to predict the depletion of the WBN1C1 fuel, fission product build-up and decay and material activation within core structures. No measured data were provided by TVA for this exercise, therefore the reference results are taken from the calculated MC21/CTD simulation, published in report CASL-U-2015-1010-001.Įxercise 3: Validation of multi-physics cycle1 depletion model for Cycle 1 The prediction of the HFP distribution requires the calculation of the Xenon equilibrium across all the fuel rods in the reactor core. In this exercise, bank D is partially inserted while all the other RCCA banks are withdrawn. This exercise aims model WBN1C1 at nominal conditions with the loading pattern and material properties described in the benchmark. The initial criticality was achieved by inserting bank D while all other banks were fully withdrawn.Įxercise 2: Verification of multi-physics steady state model for HFP conditions The loading pattern of this exercise is provided, the fuel assemblies in this exercise are at the beginning-of-life (BOL) conditions and the reactor is at Hot Zero Power (HZP) isothermal conditions. This exercise aims to calculate the required parameters of the WBN1C1 ZPPT BOC startup. There are five exercises within the benchmark:Įxercise 1: Validation of stand–alone 3-D neutronics model at HZP conditions In order to support the development of the VERA for multi-physics applications, CASL developed a set of benchmark progression problems ranging from simple two-dimensional pin cells to three-dimensional multi-physics reactor core problems. The exercises span the start-up Zero Power Physics Tests (ZZPT), Hot Full Power (HFP) Beginning of Cycle (BOC) Physical Reactor, depletion of WBN1C1, fuel shuffle and decay for Cycle 2 BOC ZPPT, and WBN1C2 depletion. Five exercises cover the key states of WBN1C1 and WBN1C2. The data are provided for Watts Bar Unit 1 Cycle 1 (WBN1C1) and Cycle 2 (WBN1C2). It introduces a benchmark which provides detailed specifications of the WBN1 core operations measured by TVA. The benchmark specifications originate from a selected set of CASL benchmark problems based on data provided by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and other references available in the public domain. In this benchmark, the work performed by CASL in their VERA Core Physics Benchmark Progression Problems is extended into a Nuclear Energy Agency code-independent benchmark to encourage Verification and Validation (V&V) of traditional and novel high-fidelity Modelling and Simulation (M&S) from multiple participants. The development of high-fidelity full-core modeling capabilities for LWRs is the stated goal of several projects such as CASL (Consortium for Advanced Simulation of LWRs).
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